Correct answer: your transmission is being interfered with

In Q-code usage:

• QRM means interference from other man-made signals

It can be used as a statement:

• “Your transmission is being interfered with”

or as a question:

• “Is my transmission being interfered with?”

• Fading is QSB.

• Static (natural noise) is QRN.

NZART exam Q-code set to memorise:

• QRL – freq in use?
• QRM – man-made noise
• QRN – natural noise
• QRO – more power
• QRP – less power
• QRS – slow down
• QRZ – who’s calling?
• QSB – fading
• QTH – location
• QTR – time

Therefore, QRM means your transmission is being interfered with.

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These abbreviated three letter “Q” Codes were evolved by old-time telegraphy operators as a shorthand means for exchanging information about working conditions being experienced over the circuit in use. QRN Means “I am troubled by static” Often QRM and QRN are confused QRM is Man made interference QRN is Natural Noise

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Correct answer: D — QRS

QRS is the Q-code used to ask the other station to reduce their sending speed (transmit more slowly). It is commonly used in CW (Morse code) operation when the receiving operator cannot copy at the current speed.

• QRL — means "Is this frequency in use?" (or "The frequency is in use"). Not related to sending speed.
• QRN — means "I am troubled by natural static/noise." Not related to sending speed.
• QRM — means "I am being interfered with by man-made interference." Not related to sending speed.

NZART exam Q-code set to memorise:

• QRL – freq in use?
• QRM – man-made noise
• QRN – natural noise
• QRO – more power
• QRP – less power
• QRS – slow down
• QRZ – who's calling?
• QSB – fading
• QTH – location
• QTR – time

Therefore, QRS is the correct Q-code to request the other station to send more slowly.

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Correct answer: D — QRZ?

The Q-code QRZ? is used to ask "Who is calling me?" It is commonly heard on air when a station has heard a call but could not copy the callsign clearly, prompting the caller to identify themselves again.

• QRT? means "Shall I stop transmitting?" (or "I am stopping transmission") — nothing to do with identifying a caller.
• QRM? means "Are you being interfered with?" referring to man-made interference — not a query about who is calling.
• QRP? means "Shall I decrease transmitter power?" — unrelated to identifying a calling station.

NZART exam Q-code set to memorise:

• QRL – freq in use?
• QRM – man-made noise
• QRN – natural noise
• QRO – more power
• QRP – less power
• QRS – slow down
• QRZ – who's calling?
• QSB – fading
• QTH – location
• QTR – time

Therefore, QRZ? is the correct Q-code when asking "Who is calling me?"

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Correct answer: QTH?

In the Q-code system used in radio communication:

• QTH? means “What is your location?”

• QTC? asks how many messages are waiting.

• QRL? asks if the frequency is in use.

• QRZ? asks who is calling.

NZART exam Q-code set to memorise:

• QRL – freq in use?
• QRM – man-made noise
• QRN – natural noise
• QRO – more power
• QRP – less power
• QRS – slow down
• QRZ – who’s calling?
• QSB – fading
• QTH – location
• QTR – time

Therefore, the Q signal meaning “what is your location?” is QTH?.

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Correct answer: QRL? - "Are you busy?"

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Regarding the other choices:

• QRM? - "Are you being interfered with?"
• QRT? - "Shall I stop sending?"
• QRZ? - "Who is calling me?"

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NZART exam Q-code set to memorise:

• QRL – freq in use?
• QRM – man-made noise
• QRN – natural noise
• QRO – more power
• QRP – less power
• QRS – slow down
• QRZ – who's calling?
• QSB – fading
• QTH – location
• QTR – time

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Correct answer: QRP? - "shall I decrease transmitter power?"

Mnemonic: final "P" as in "Power"

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Regarding the other choices:

• QRL - "are you busy?"
• QRN - "are you troubled by static?" (mnemonic: final "N" as in "Noisy")
• QRZ? - "who is calling me?"

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Correct answer: QSB

In the Q-code system used in radio communication:

• QSB means “Your signals are fading”

• QSO refers to a radio contact.

• QSL means acknowledgement of receipt.

• QRX means wait or stand by.

NZART exam Q-code set to memorise:

• QRL – freq in use?
• QRM – man-made noise
• QRN – natural noise
• QRO – more power
• QRP – less power
• QRS – slow down
• QRZ – who’s calling?
• QSB – fading
• QTH – location
• QTR – time

Therefore, the Q signal meaning “your signals are fading” is QSB.

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The correct answer: QSY? - "shall I change to transmission on another frequency?"

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Regarding the other choices:

• QRO? - "shall I increase transmitter power?"
• QSP? - "shall I relay to ...?"
• QSB? - "is my signal fading?"

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The correct answer: QRQ - "send faster"

Mnemonic: final "Q" as in "Quickly"

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Regarding the other choices:

• QRP - "decrease power" (mnemonic: final "P" as in "Power")
• QRS - "send more slowly" (mnemonic: final "S" as in "Slowly")
• QRN - "I am troubled by static" (mnemonic: final "N" as in "Noisy")

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